Disadvantages Of Fourth Generation Computer

1.High sophisticated techonology was used in them.
2.Most of the countries did not have the technology of IC,s.
3.Highly skilled staff was required for manufacturing.

Fourth Generation Of Computers 1970-96

Micro Chip Technology was used in this generation.More and more transistors were integrated into a single chip.When 10 to 20 transistors were integrated this was called Small Scale Integration or SSI. When upto 100 transistors were integrated this was called Medium Scale Integration or MSI. When over 20 Million transistors were integrated this was called Large Scale Integraion of LSI.

Advantages Of Third Generation

1.Smaller in size and easily portable.
2.Their results were more reliable.
3.Less electric power consumers and less heat generators.
4.Rare chances of hardware failure.

Third Generation Of Computer 1965-70

During this period Silocon was discovered in U.S.A. Silicon was used to build integrated circuits called chips. Large number of transistors was integrated into a very small size of chips .The third generation was based on ICs.
IBM-360 series and UNIVAC-9000 series are the famous computers of this age.

Disadvangages Of Second Generation

1.Air conditioning was still required.
2.Frequent maintenance was necessary.
3.Their technology was very complex.

Second Generation Of Computer 1959-65

In this generation transsistors were invented.The use of transistors started the second generation of computers.UNIVAC-11, Honeywell-400,and IBM-1600 are the famous computers of this generation.

Disadvantages Of First Generation

1.Their result were mostly unreliable.
2.Thousands of vacuum tubes were required for a single computer.
3.Heavy air conditioning was required.
4.These computers were non-portable because of huge size.

Advantages Of First Generation Computer

1.Latest technology of Vacuum Tubes was used in them.
2.They were smaller in size.
3.The invention of vacuum tubes helped to develop the digital computers.
4.They were the fastest of the age and could process in milliseconds.

ENIAC

Dr.John W.Mauchly was an American Professor.In 1944 he was ordered to develop a computer for helping the USA Army.Purpose was to accurately fire the assembling it.This covered an area of 15000 square feet,and its weight was 30 tons.ENIAC was used in secret research that went into building the first Atomic Bomb.

FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTERS 1944-59

In 1944 vacuum tubes were invented.These were used in building computers.Computers made with vacuum tubes are called First Genereation Computers.Famous computer of this generation are ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer).

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

There are five Generations of computer.
1. 1944-1959
2. 1959-1965
3. 1965-1970
4. 1970-1986
5. 1986 TO DATE

MODERN AGE OF COMPUTERS

Modern age of computer is divided into five generations.Generation in computer means a period of technology used in manufacturing the computers.From time to time different technologies have been used in computers.The duration of one kind of technology is called one generation.

DR. ATANASOFF

Dr. Atanasoff was a professor at Lowa state University of USA.He worked on a computer with the help of his student Berry.In 1939 they succeeded in making a computer named ABC ( Atanasoff Berry Comoputer ).Thsi was also an electromechanical computer.

DR.HERMAN HOLLERITH

He was chairman of Bureau of Census of USA.In 1890 he was ordered to complete the census of USA in 11 years.He invented a punched card tabulating machine and completed his work in only two years and six months.It was an electromechanical computer.It could precess 275 punched cards per minute.In 1911 he established IBM Company.

MIDDLE AGES OF COMPUTERS

During this age electricity was discovered.The computers of this period worked with the help of electric power.
Following are the computers of this period.

ABABBAGE,S ANALYTICAL ENGINE

Babbage worked hard to improve his difference ingine. In 1842 he succeeded in making a programmable machine called Analytical Engine.This could work at the rate of 60 calculations per second.This was a very huge machine.It covered the area of a football ground.

BABBAGE,S DIFFERENCE ENGINE

Charles Babbage was a professor at the Cambridge University.In 1823 he invented a steam powered difference engine.It could calculate the difference between two figures.It could give printed answers up to 20 digits.

JACQUARD,S LOOM

Joseph Marie Jacquard was a French Engineer.In 1801 he prepared punch cards for power looms.These cards were used for making automatic designs on cloth during the process of weaving.Later on these cards were used in calculating devices.His loom is the famous calculating device of that time

GOTTFRIED LIBNITZ

Libnitz was German scientist.He inproved Pascaline,and invented Multiplier Wheel in 1671.It could perform additon,subtraction,multiplication,division,and square root at a great speed.

PASCALINE

Blaise Pascal was a French Mathematician.His father was a tax collector and had to spend much time in adding up fingers.In 1642 Pascal invented Pascaline to help his father.It was a Mechanical Calculator and consisted of gears, and levers.It could perform mathematical precesses at great speed.

SLIE ROLE

William Oughtred was an English mathematician.He invented a slide role in 1632.On the top of role there was rectangular surser.Slide Role could perform addition,subtraction,division,and multiplication at a great speed.

JOHN NAPIER,S BONES

John Napier was a Scotland Mathematician.In 1617 he designed a device consisting of 11 bones of IVORY or TUSK.This was used for counting and mathematical purpose.

ABACUS

In 3000 B.C Chinese invented a device called Abacus or Soroban.It consisted of a square frame.In it beads were arranged on strings.It could perform addition,subtraction,multiplication,and division at great speed.That is why it is called the first computer.It is still used in Far East and Middle East countries.

DARK AGES OF COMPUTER

This period starts from 3000 B.C and ends in 1890 A.D.During this period there was no electricity,that is why this is called dark ages.Computer invented during this period consisted of hand tools.These are discussed in the following.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF COMPUTER

History of the computer is divided onto the following three ages:

1.DARK AGES: 3000 B.C. TO 1890
2.MIDDLE AGES: 1890 TO 1944.
3.MODERN AGES: 1944 TO DATE

DEFINITION OF COMPUTER

1.Computer is a device that automatically performs logical operations on the input data and provides answers according to the instructions.
2.Computer is an electronic device that can receive data,perform mathematical and logical operations on it, and display results on output divices.
3.Computer is an electronic device that can interpret and execute programmed commands for input,output computation,and logic operations.

MEANING OF COMPUTER

Word Computer was derived from Latin word Computare.This means to reckon or compute.Therefore, computer is a machine that can compute.Compute means to count,calculate,measure,evaluate,analyze,and synthesize.

COMPUTER

Since the time man has assumed the status of a thinking being,he has been engaged in counting and numbering of things.During the earlier days he did all of these tasks with the help of hands tools.With the passage of time, he worked hard to make his life more and more comfortable.As a result calculating and numbering devices were invented.

Technology revolution is changing the way we work,play,communicate,and live our life.The cornerstone of this revolutionis the invention of computer.This has resulted in a real change in our lives.This is our today.Tomorrow a new wave of technological developments will emerge that will continue to bring radical changes in our lives.